Research into Television Music Channels - Mrs Georgiou

The purpose of music television channels is so the audience can watch and build a relationship with artists that they may like so that they can buy into their lifestyle and watch representations of artists they enjoy listening to. They also provide entertainment for the audience on a 24 hour basis and promote several artists/songs. Finally, they make songs and music videos available for a wider audience because if they were not shown on a popular music channel then they may not receive as many views and could only have a niche audience.

MTV

The target audience for MTV is 13-21 year olds because this age group tends to listen to music considered popular and mainstream and therefore are more likely to watch music channels as they regularly feature this type of music as well as official countdowns of the chart of music sales.

This music channel has scheduled the following programmes throughout today: 'The Official Chart Update', '2015's Hottest Dance Hits! Top 10' and 'Jess Glynnes Party Tunes'. This supports the fact that the target audience for this channel is young teenagers to young adults as they listen to music that is popular and in the music charts.

This channel plays pop and chart music as it tends to be the most popular genre amongst teenagers and young adults. Todays MTV schedule suggests that artists that feature on this channel are Maroon 5, Jess Glynne, Tinie Tempah and other popular artists from the charts such as Ed Sheeran and Ellie Goulding. MTV is owned by Viacom Music and Entertainment Group which is a unit of the Viacom Media Networks. This is a media conglomerate that also owns 'Nickelodeon,' 'Comedy Central' and 'VH1'.  Belonging to a big company benefits MTV as it helps it become more successful. This is because it makes it available to a wider audience as it has a lot of publicity and globalisation. 

The MTV logo is very bold and simplistic; it is black and white with a bold and 3D 'M'. The meaning of the logo is also very simple as it just stands for 'music television'. This makes the overall logo seem very clear and uncomplicated which appeals to the target audience as they will know exactly what they will be watching - music on television. This is what this particular target audience would want to view as they would like to see which songs and artists are at the top of the charts and see if their favourite artists songs will be played.  Making it clear that the channel provides 24 hour popular music will therefore appeal to the target audience. The logo consists of simple colours and therefore will not defer the audiences attention from the music video as it is always present in the corner of the screen. Having the logo constantly there reminds the audience it is MTV that they are watching which provides promotion for the channel.

Kerrang!

The target audience for Kerrang! is those who listen to rock music, possibly around the age of 16-30. Looking at todays television schedule, I discovered that Kerrang! is airing chart shows such as 'Show me the 21st Century Anthems', '10 Hottest Rock Anthems Today' and 'Friday Brit-Rock Party Takeover: Top 40'. All of these music shows are based around the genre of rock and therefore is very suitable for the target audience.                                                                             

This channel plays rock music as it tends to be a popular genre amongst teenagers and young adults who are the majority of the people who watch music channels.  This weeks Kerrang! schedule suggests that artists that feature on this channel are All Time Low, Lower Than Atlantis, Iron Maiden,  Slipknot and Nirvana. Kerrang! is owned by The Box Plus Network which also owns 'Kiss TV,' 'Magic' and ''Heat'.  Belonging to a media conglomerate that ones many other music channels benefits Kerrang! as it will have experience in promoting this type of music channel. The Kerrang! logo has a rustic and messy affect which has connotations of rebellion which will appeal to teenagers. It is red which makes it bold and strong to match the capital letters and font. 

Clubland TV

The target audience for Clubland TV is around 16-21 because this is the type of age group that would go out to parties/clubs and listen to the typical genres of music they play there, e.g. dance or house music. Sky TV's schedule states that throughout today Clubland TV will be broadcasting '100% Club Hits', 'Top 30 Dance Hits' and ''Clubland Classics: In the Mix'. This supports the fact that 16-21 year olds watch this channel as these show titles suggest they are playing music popular in club settings.

Clubland TV features upbeat pop and dance music videos and is based on the Clubland compilation albums.

They play this genre of music as it is what you would find at a party setting and is upbeat so  that the audience can dance to it where they are watching the video (e.g at home) like they would in a club which creates a sense of escapism for the audience. Todays schedule suggests that the type of artists who feature on this channel are David Guetta, Sweedish House Mafia, Corona, Deee-lite and Haddaway.

Clubland TV is owned by All Around the World Productions.  All Around the World begun launching their own music TV station as well as Clubland TV before also launching 'WTF'  and purchasing 'Channel AKA'. Benefits of belonging to a company that also owns other similar music channels is that Clubland TV can be advertised on the other channels and therefore gain more viewers as it is introduced to a wider audience.  This logo is conventional to its genre as dance music tends to feature parties and clubs and therefore strobe lights and vibrant colours. The logo representing club lights will appeal to the target audience as they know that they will be watching dance music if they decide to watch this channel. It also portrays the music channel and music it plays as fun, loud and energetic which will all appeal to teenagers and young adults.

Channel AKA

The target audience for AKA is the age group 16-23 and mostly male because this channel plays upcoming UK urban, R&B, grime and hip-hop music and has helped make artists such as Tinchy Stryder, Tinie Tempah, Dizzee Rascal, Chipmunk, Wretch 32, Devlin and N-Dubz who were relatively unknown before their music was played on this channel. Songs scheduled to play on Channel AKA include 'Man Don't Care' by JME, 'See You Again' by Wiz Khalifa feat. Charlie Puth and 'I Bet; by Ciara. This appeals to the target audience for this channel as most of the artists are male and the music played entails new and current music of the genre so the young audience will enjoy the recent music that will be currently released and in the charts. The schedule suggests that artists that feature on this channel are Wiley, Skepta, Devlin, Drake and Kid Ink.

Channel AKA is owned by All Around The World Productions, which is a record label from Blackburn. It is a subsidiary of Universal and has been very successful in helping promote/sign several artists in this genre. It has had success with Dappy and Charlier Brown as well as signing Jamelia, Tulisa and Skepta.  Belonging to a subsidiary of a big company benefits AKA as it helps it become more successful. This is because it makes it available to a wider audience as it has a lot of publicity and globalisation. 

The Channel AKA logo is very bold and simplistic; it is black with bold white letters reading 'AKA' and has a silhouette of a male leaning against the letters. This could represent the gender specific audience of mainly males. The logo is very clear and uncomplicated which appeals to the target audience as it will not differ their attention from the music but always be present to remind them of the channel.

Smooth

Smooth was originally a radio station and was the first one to launch a music channel before stations such as Heart and Capital followed. The target audience for this channel is roughly 35-50 years old. This is because the music that is played belongs mostly to older generations and is not the type of music you will find in the charts today. Music played on this music channel include George Benson, Drifters, Tina Turner, Marvin Gaye and Elvis Presley. These artists and their music would have been popular when the target audience was younger and therefore it appeals to them as it is music their generation enjoys. NOVA Entertainment owns smooth along with music channels Star and Koffee. This means that NOVA Entertainment has experience in making music channels a success and can therefore greatly benefit Smooth. The logo for Smooth appeals to the target audience as it has a very streamlined, curved and smooth look about it which represents the title 'Smooth'. Also there are no gender-biased colours or any colours that represent a specific genre of music. This suggests that there is a variety of music played on this music channel.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                 

Magic TV

Magic TV is a British television channel that plays easily listening music mostly from the 1980s - 2000s. Because of this, Magic TV has a mostly older audience of 30+ as this is the age group who would have been in their younger years in those time periods and therefore would often go out and listen to the music typically played in those eras. 

older audience yet some mellow recent songs

''''''' are some programmes that have been scheduled to air on Magic TV throughout today. This shows us...

The music channel plays Motown, ... , and ...... because this music is all relatively calm and mellow so it is easy to listen to for the older audience. Also these music genres would have been more popular in 1980-2000 and so the audience (who would have grown up in these years) would enjoy listening to this type of music as it is familiar to them because they know it well from their youth.

From looking at Magic TVs schedule, I can see that artists who regularly feature on this channel are Elton John, Stevie Wonder, Aretha Franklin, Take That and Ed Sheeran.

MTV is owned by Viacom Music and Entertainment Group which is a unit of the Viacom Media Networks. This is a media conglomerate that also owns 'Nickelodeon,' 'Comedy Central' and 'VH1'.  Belonging to a big company benefits MTV as it helps it become more successful. This is because it makes it available to a wider audience as it has a lot of publicity and globalisation. 

The MTV logo is very bold and simplistic; it is black and white with a bold and 3D 'M'. The meaning of the logo is also very simple as it just stands for 'music television'. This makes the overall logo seem very clear and uncomplicated which appeals to the target audience as they will know exactly what they will be watching - music on television. This is what this particular target audience would want to view as they would like to see which songs and artists are at the top of the charts and see if their favourite artists songs will be played.  Making it clear that the channel provides 24 hour popular music will therefore appeal to the target audience. The logo consists of simple colours and therefore will not defer the audiences attention from the music video as it is always present in the corner of the screen. Having the logo constantly there reminds the audience it is MTV that they are watching which provides promotion for the channel.

I think MTV is broken down into different channels (MTV Base, MTV Hits, MTV Dance, MTV Rocks and MTV Classic) because it filters different genres of music into different channels and therefore allows the audience to watch a TV show where their music taste is the main focus and they don't have to listen to a lot of other variety music a long with it. For example, they can listen to dance music on MTV Dance without having to listen to rock or pop music too, they can listen to purely music from the dance genre of their choice. Music Channels are important in appealing to a target audience because it will gain maximum views by considering who will watch their music channel and then tailoring the shows to fit what the audience wants. There are a variety of music channels because audiences al have different tastes and a channel will get more views by altering the music it played to specific target audience.

From analysing music channels, I have learnt that most popular music channels I had previously heard of are owned by media conglomerates that own several more popular channels that I know of. I have also learned about the benefits of this such as more advertisement, views and globalisation.

This will help me with my own production because I will consider what music channel my song would be played on and therefore what target audience I will be appealing to.

explain the age groups through, young teens not having discovered themselves yet and so follow mainstream but as get older they discover their own music tastes etc.

What is a Music Video? - Miss Miller

A music video is a short film or video that accompanies a complete piece of music. It gives a song a visual aspect and as a result can create a narrative behind the song as well as advertising the artists performance skills. It often shows the musicians performing or shows images that illustrate the lyrics/mood of the song. Some purposes of creating a music video include providing a short narrative to tell a story to the target audience in order to entertain them. They can also help the audience understand the meaning or purpose of the song. It can be used as a marketing tool to provide more publicity for the artist and song. There are three different styles of a music video: narrative, performance and concept. A performance music video entails of the artist singing, dancing or performing in some way. A music video with a narrative style tells a story behind the song usually using actors to portray events. A concept music video sells the audience an idea or theme which usually advises or teaches them in some way. A music video can use as many of these styles or only one but I think a music video is most effective when it uses as many as possible.

I will be analysing a song from the dance music genre,  'My Love' by Route 94 featuring Jess Glynne. There are a couple of purposes of this music video, such as telling a story about a boy and girl who have met at a club or party. The story is told from the boys point of view and shows him looking around the scene of a lot of young people drinking, partying and dancing. He then sees and focuses on one particular girl. He follows her to the dance floor and throughout the music video they dance together.

The music video will help the artist to attract a particular target audience and help them to understand the real meaning behind the lyrics as they may have previously heard the song but not understood the purpose of it before the music video made it clearer for them. Furthermore, understanding the meaning of the song allows the audience to remember the lyrics better. The music video also helps the audience to build a relationship with Route 94 and/or Jess Glynne as artists. This is because the song could be about personal experiences which creates the idea that they are happy to share their personal life and stories with the audience. As a result this encourages the target audience to buy into the artists lifestyle. Creating a music video means the song would be aired on television and therefore available to a wider audience as more people would watch television compared to a perhaps niche audience that would listen to the song  alone. A final purpose of the music video to show the different generic conventions in the dance music genre.


This music video features several codes and conventions of the dance music genre. In terms of mise-en-scene and character positioning, you could say that the music video adapts to the generic conventions of the dance genre as there were a large number of people all close together and dancing, looking like they were having fun. This is typical of the genre because dance music is often set in a club setting whereby there are lots of young people dancing and drinking and having fun. This is because dance music is often played in this setting and it wants to encourage and promote this lifestyle so more music consumers would want to go to clubs and listen to dance music more regularly. 

This supports the iconography used in the video; several characters were drinking, smoking or pouring drinks. Most characters were energetically dancing. This body language is typical in this music genre due to the setting it is taking place in, a club setting. Overall the club setting is conventional to this genre as that is often where this type of music is played and it allows the artist to associate their music with people having fun which would have positive connotations for the audience.

The editing techniques were also reflective of conventions in this genre. A thermal filter was used throughout the majority of the music video. This is conventional to the dance genre because a dance music video often uses bright a vibrant colours with a high contrast and in this video the background is rather dark while the people and some objects are bright in colour. Again, this is due to the fact dance music is often played at club settings whereby bright strobe lights and vibrant colours are used so the people will have a good time. Therefore using them in this music video will prove that the dancers in the video are having fun and suggests that if you listened to this song you would have fun.


A common camera angle used in dance music videos is a close up. This is evident several times, for example when the characters drink, do drugs or smoke and when a bartender pours drinks. This is used to focus the audiences attention on the dance conventions of the party lifestyle and having a good time. This will nag age the target audience who are of a similar age to those in the video as they would want to go out and have fun by investing in the party lifestyle and some may already relate to it. 

The style of this music video is narrative. This is because there is no main concept or idea that is presented to the audience. Neither artist is present and performing in some way and the video tells the audience a story about a boy and his night in a particular club. This music video appeals to its target audience of teenagers-young adults by showing people of their age having fun and partying. This makes the audience want to have fun and they believe they can do so if they listen to this genre of music.

I have learnt about the several conventions in this music genre and how they are adapted. I have also learned how an artist makes their music video appeal to their target audience. I think music videos are very effective because they expand the audience of a song and interpret it in a certain way while also providing entertainment for the target audience. I am now considering creating a music video in the dance genre as I feel the conventions will be easier to create as I and my peers are in the target audience and will therefore be able to stare in the video. However, I would like to create a music video with more than one style such as performance and narrative as I think I would obtain a wider audience by taking on more than one style. 

History of Music Videos - Miss Georgiou

Over the years people have consumed music several different ways. Today music can be accessed through several different mediums such as the internet, television, radio or downloaded onto mobile phones. However, at the start when music first became popular, it was only viewed through live performances and then later shown on television and played on radio. Artist began selling their music and image as a product on CDs or mix tapes as well as videos of their concerts being sold on DVDs or Video. Chart shows began to air on television, playing all of the most popular and recent music to an audience so they could enjoy and be entertained by the music as well as being informed as to what music is the most popular and selling the most copies. More recently the internet has played a vital part in todays music being consumed. Music videos can be viewed on websites such as Youtube, artists can create websites to promote themselves and their music as well as selling tour tickets etc. and music can be downloaded and saved onto your computer. Mobile phones have also become popular in terms of consuming and listening to music. Songs can be downloaded directly to your smart phone or saved in playlists on apps such as Spotify and Soundcloud.

1950s
Tony Bennet is an American jazz and standard pop singer who claims that he had created the first ever music video. In 1956, he was filmed walking through Hyde Park, London and the final clip was set to his song 'Stranger in Paradise'. The clip was aired on UK and Us television stations. This music video was aired on television and is not easily accessible on the internet today which proves that this genre of music may have decreased in popularity as well as the fact that standard music videos are a lot different now to how they was then. In the 1950s music videos would have been primarily if not completely, performance based. This means they were very simplistic and unexciting as they entailed the artist just performing to the camera through singing, dancing or playing instruments etc. The reason this music video may have been a success though is due to the performance factor. An artist performing directly to the camera will help the audience to build a relationship with them.  This is because it catches their attention as it appears that the artist is performing directly to them due to camera angles, (I.e they sing into the camera). This style of music video is still successful and popular to date yet todays videos are more complex and feature several different music video styles to keep the audience entertained.

Album art for Tony Bennett

In 1957, Elvis Presley starred in a music video for his song 'Jailhouse Rock'. The song was a US number one hit for seven weeks and a UK number one hit for three weeks.  The main reason this music video was so successful may have been due to the narrative aspect of it. It was irregular for music videos to tell a story around this time which is evident in Tony Bennet's video as most artists videos just involved live performances of them singing on stage or to a camera. However, 'Jailhouse Rock' is prison themed and although it does not tell a detailed story, it is clear it is about a group if prisoners in prison who are trying to have fun before being told of by the police or prison guards. Introducing a narrative to this music video would have intrigued and engaged the audience as they would want to follow the story line, especially as this was not often done in this time period. The music video is also carefully choreographed as it features one major dance routine throughout the entire video.               
Another uncommon factor about this music video in the era it was released is the fact that the appearance elf the artist and dancers is taken into consideration. Unlike today where artists are seen wearing expensive and fashionable clothes in their music videos, the most important factor of music videos in the 1950s was purely the talent of the artist and therefore their appearance was not made such a big deal. Therefore, the fact that Presley and his dancers all have immaculately attaching costumes was unusual and probably intriguing for the audience. It also helps with the narrative which already had the audience engaged. 
This music video is performance based with singing, dancing and instrument playing evident throughout. This shows the talent of the artist and other performers and also creates a lively and exciting effect as there are loads of dancers present all the time and there is a lot going on.  I think an interesting aspect of this music video that made it successful was that it involved humour. This was probably not seen regularly before in this era due to other music videos not including narratives. However, Elvis Presley introduces humour by having the background dancers who are dressed as police men to hit one of the prisoners on the head and for the prisoner to react as if he has been knocked out but this is all done as part of the dance routine. The audience would have found this amusing and clever.

1960s
In 1964 The Beatles starred in their first music video for 'A Hard Days Night'. It was a black and white mock documentary that stayed in the US charts for 13 weeks.  This music video showed the band members running away from a swarm of girls who were screaming and chasing them. This portrayed them as popular to the opposite sex and fun as they are running around and laughing. The Beatles were very popular and danceable in real life so they were showing that through this mock documentary and making fun of it. This created humour which would engage the audience much like when the artists are seen hiding from the girls in telephone boxes and a photo booth. The aspects of the video that would make the audience laugh helped to make it as successful as it was. The music video is entirely narrative based as The Beatles are not seen performing. The video tells a story of the band retrying to escape from a large group of girls. This portrays them as desirable, popular and very famous. In turn making them more appealing to the audience.

Contrastingly, The Beatles second feature 'Help!' was filmed in colour and featured the band visiting places all over the world. This is still a generic connection of a pop music video in present day as many artists film their music videos in different exotic places. Such as, 'Spaceship' by Nicki Minaj and 'What Makes you Beautiful' by One Direction. This song is similar in that it portrays the band as fun and highlights the opportunities they have been given due to being as talented and famous as they are. They are shown as fun loving through shots of them laughing or messing around by play fighting each other etc. The opportunities highlighted include the different locations they have been able to visit and the fact that a movie was made about them and this song in particular. 

1970s

Top of the Pops, a British BBC television show began broadcasting music videos in the late 70s.  The television show was broadcasted once weekly and included live performances and a countdown of the best selling songs in the charts. The show was hugely popular and was at one point versions of the show were broadcasted in nearly 100 countries. I believe that Top of The Pops was this successful because it was different to all the other ways music had been consumed before. Prior to this show music was mostly just heard on the radio. Top of The Pops allowed the audience to see more of the artist for the first time, through interviews, behind the scenes clips and live performances. This allowed the audience to see more of their favourite artists lifestyles and build more of a relationship with them. 
However, the television show was cancelled in 2006. This may have been due to music being consumed differently. A lot of other music shows had aired meaning more competition, Internet became a large part of music being consumed and social media allows the audience to see into their favourite artists lifestyle by the click of a button. Regardless, old editions of the programme from the 1970s and 1980s are still aired on TV every now and then so the show is still somewhat popular just to a smaller audience.

1980s
In the 1980s music videos became mainstream and more common. In 1981 MTV launched, a US music video channel, and aired 'Video Killed the Radio Star' before going on to broadcast music 24 hours a day. The aim of airing MTV was to allow artists to promote themselves and their songs. through their music videos and the reason they became so popular was because audiences were able to build relationships with artists that they may like so that they can buy into their lifestyle and watch representations of artists they enjoy listening to. MTV also played a big part in the development of how music is consumed. They made songs and music videos available for a wider audience because if they were not shown on a popular music channel then they may not receive as many views and could only have a niche audience.
In the 1980s music videos were often just referred to as 'rock videos'. J.P 'The Big Bopper' Richardson was apparently the first to coin the phrase. 

1990s
Prior to the 1990s, music videos were relatively low budget but during this time period, artists began taking them more seriously - spending much more time and money on them. For example, Michael Jackson and Janet Jackson dueted on Michael Jacksons ninth studio album in 1995, creating the space-themed 'Scream'. The 4:46 minute music video is the most expensive video to date with production costing $7,000,000.  It was directed by high-end director - Mark Romanek and featured a large amount of good quality special effects and lighting. Furthermore, the set of the video was onboard a computer generated white spaceship. Both Michael and Janet Jackson insisted the whole set actually built and 3-dimensional rather than being a simple set with 3D effects created with special effects. This would have made up a large amount of the budget. Compared against todays statistics and prices, the music video would be worth around $10.5million. Scream gained 11 MTV Video Award Nominations (more than any other music video) and they won 'Best Dance Video', 'Best Choreography' and 'Best Art Direction'. This highlights how the extensive time and money put into special effects and the overall presentation of the music video, e.g location, paid off and helped the song become very successful.

2000s-Present Day
In this era, music videos began to fall into generic categories with typical conventions for each genre. 'Stronger' by Kanye West is conventional to the rock genre as it features him wearing several different expensive outfits and in a popular location (Tokyo). This advertises the luxurious wealthy lifestyle you'd expect him to have due to being a famous artist. Another convention evident is the use of hand gestures and close ups to show his facial expressions and show how he is passionate about what he is iabout. This is conventional as rappers are known for often singing about personal topics about their real life experiences. The music video topped the Billboard Hot 100 chart. I think this music video is successful because it has a futuristic theme and narrative and so uses several special effects. This interests and engages the audience similar to the way featuring attractive models does. Most recent music videos involve models so the audience will find them attractive and keep watching.

In 2005,YouTube launched and became very successful and popular due to its ability to post, share and post videos on other websites for free. Music videos make up over half of YouTubes content which suggest that the website has played a big part in the development of music videos being consumed and how they are consumed in present day. Music videos are made very easily accessible for the target audience as they can quickly and easily log on to the website and type in a music video for it to appear available to watch in seconds. This may threaten major music channels as it creates competition for them in terms of providing music videos for their consumers. 

The most viewed video on YouTube is a music video by Psy called "Gangnam Style". It overtook "Baby" by Justin Bieber in 2012, becoming the first music video to reach 1 billion views on 21st December 2012 and then the first video to reach 2 billion views by 30th May 2014. The majority of the top viewed videos on YouTube are music videos which portrays the large effectYouTube has has on music video consumption as it is clearly used to watch music videos a lot which may also be the reason for sales in CDs decreasing as music is accessible for free online.  Music videos first became popular in the 1980s when MTV launched. However, twenty years later in the 2000s , YouTube has, in a way become the new MTV and MTV screens a majority of reality televsions shows rather than actual music content.

I believe that the music video for 'Gangnam Style' is so popular as it is controversial and unique in that it is not stereotypical or similar to mainstream music videos or the majority of the other music videos on this website. The music for this video is simple and repetitive which makes it catchy for the audience. Also , most scenes in this video are strange and ambiguous which intrigue the audience and makes them want to keep watching and questioning some of the scenes.  In terms of YouTube, the website has helped make the video as popular as it is as it has made it easily accessible for the audience. It is easy to search for and watch as many times as wanted with YouTube. Furthermore, due to YouTube being a popular medium of video consumption, when a video (whether music related or not) becomes popular, it is widely spoken about. This means that a lot of people will hear about a video and are encouraged by others to watch it as there are no excuses to miss the video everyone is talking about due to it being so easily accessible. 

YouTube has changed a lot over the ten years since it was created. It was founded n 2005 and self-owned with "Me at the zoo" being the first video posted. At the early stages of the websites development a lot of videos with small audiences were posted and not watched by many as they were personal videos and not posted for large entertainment values. However, the website developed massively in 2006 when it was brought by Google for $1.65billion and one year later it was launched in nine different countries. In 2009 the website began to receive 1billion daily views and two years later that figure was tripled. 

Writing this post will help me when planning and creating my own music video as I can now understand how aspects of music videos have developed over the years and how this has affected how music videos are viewed. This will allow me to know what will and will not work well as I have seen what has and has not been successful previously. It will also help me to know how to develop my music video further. For example, I will use special effects in editing and several locations as this has been seen in most recent music videos and proven to be very successful. Overall, I believe that researching the history of music videos has helped me consider how my music video will have to be relevant to the current time period if it wants to be perceived best. In 2012 Gangnam style hit 1 billion views and the website attained 4billion views a say (46,296 per second).